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# Sonic QP/QS ratio as diagnostic tool for shale gas saturation

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Sonic $QP/QS$ ratio obtained from full-waveform acoustic logs in conventional sandstone reservoirs is known to be sensitive to the presence of gas, and it is regarded as a potential diagnostic tool for saturation discrimination. However, it is not known if such a saturation diagnostic tool will be applicable in unconventional reservoirs, such as in gas-saturated shales. We have analyzed the monopole and dipole waveform logs acquired from a shale gas exploration well in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. The depth interval of interest is 300 m thick, and it intersects three shale units in which the two underlying formations contain gas saturation of more than 30% and are identified as the primary exploration targets. We use the statistical average method to extract the $P$- and the $S$-wave attenuation profiles and obtain an average $P$-wave quality factor of $QP=33$ and $S$-wave quality factor of $QS=46$. The gas saturation of the lithological layers having $QP/QS<1$ is appreciably larger than the gas saturation of the others having $QP/QS>1$. The net difference indicates that the saturation is a dominant factor in controlling the $QP/QS$ ratio in these shale formations. Based on the criterion $QP/QS<1$, we identify the intervals with high gas potential. This result is in good agreement with the prediction from an independently obtained saturation log based on petrophysical analysis. Furthermore, we found that the $QP/QS$ ratio can be jointly interpreted with the $VP/VS$ ratio to differentiate between the saturation and the lithology effects for a shale reservoir interbedded with sandstone layers. Our results underpin the concept of using the $QP/QS$ ratio as a hydrocarbon saturation indicator and provide insights into application of this technique for shale gas detection.

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